A Tour of Wine Grapes: Nebbiolo

Nebbiolo 🍷

Nebbiolo (neb-ee-oh-low) is one of Italy’s top red wine grapes, most famous for its role in the Piedmont (pyeh-MON-teh) region.

Nebbiolo is ancient royalty. The first written record of the grape dates all the way back to 1268 in a document from the Rivoli region of Piedmont. It has been beloved by Italian nobility, popes, and kings for over 700 years.

The name Nebbiolo comes from "nebbia," the Italian word for fog. This may come from the late October harvest, when it is typical for a thick fog to roll through the valleys and blanket the Piedmont hillsides. Or, just as likely, it refers to the fact that the grapes develop a milky, fog-like white powder (called bloom) over their dark skins as they mature.

While Nebbiolo is the grape, you’ll also see wines produced from this grape labeled as “Barolo” and “Barbaresco.” These are specific Italian regions that are legally required to use 100% Nebbiolo grapes.

In the glass, wines made from Nebbiolo look incredibly pale. It has a translucent, brick-orange or ruby tint that might make you think it will taste light and soft, like a Pinot Noir. But the moment you take a sip, you’ll experience its massive, mouth-drying tannins and sharp acidity.

Nebbiolo is famously described as having aromas of "tar and roses." It is a bit of a paradox, mixing scents of cherry, cranberry, and raspberry along with rose petals, licorice, and anise.

Flavors include sour cherry, cranberry, raspberry, and red currant. As it ages, it can develop notes of blood orange, black licorice, and black pepper, along with some tobacco leaf.

Nebbiolo is considered to be one of the greatest aging grapes in the world because of its high tannins and acidity. While young, its flavors are bright and intensely fruit-forward. But with age (10 to 20+ years), the wine develops savory, earthy, and complex notes (the classic “tar and roses” profile). Age also causes it to lose its color quickly; a 10-year-old bottle often takes on a orange, brick-like, or amber hue.

Nebbiolo should be served in a large, wide-bowled glass to capture its aromas. The ideal serving temperature is 60°F to 64°F, after decanting for 1 to 2 hours.

Because it is highly acidic and has strong, mouth-drying tannins, it pairs best with rich, fatty foods such as meats and cheeses.

A Tour of Wine Grapes: Mourvedre

Mourvèdre & Monastrell🍷

Mourvèdre is a thick-skinned, late-ripening red wine grape native to Spain, where it is known as Monastrell. Though it originated on the Iberian Peninsula, it has also found a famous secondary home along France’s Mediterranean coast and Southern Rhône Valley.

In Spain, Monastrell is frequently bottled as a single-varietal wine. In France, however, Mourvèdre (moohr-VED-ruh) is rarely bottled alone; instead, it is blended with Grenache and Syrah to create famous GSM wines.

Monastrell (moh-nah-STRELL) wines from Spain’s hot, intensely arid, and semi-desert environments are very fruit-forward, smooth, and tend to be high in alcohol. Aromas include blackberry, dark chocolate, licorice, and smoke.

GSM blends from France incorporate Mourvèdre to add structure and deep color to Grenache and Syrah. These full-bodied wines have medium acidity and medium-to-high tannins. This blend yields a complex mix of red fruit flavors (like ripe strawberry, raspberry, and red currant) alongside darker fruit profiles (such as blackberry, plum, and blueberry).

Serving Tips:

  • Monastrell: Serve in a standard red wine glass at 60–68°F after decanting for at least an hour.

  • GSM Blends: Serve in an oversized red wine glass at 60–68°F, decanting for about 30 minutes.

A Tour of Wine Grapes: Montepulciano

Montepulciano 🍷

Montepulciano (mon-tay-pull-chee-anno") is an Italian grape, mostly found in the Abruzzo region of Italy.

Although the Montepulciano grape shares its name with the Montepulciano region in Italy, the grape is from the Abruzzo region while the Montepulciano region is known for the Sangiovese grape. Are you still with me?

The modern era for the grape truly began in 1968 with the official creation of the Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC.

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo is a very dark skinned grape. In fact, its skin is so rich in color pigments, the juice is instantly an opaque purple upon crushing whereas most red wines get their color from long soaking periods with the juice in contact with the skins (i.e., maceration).

Wines produced from the Montepulciano grape can have two styles. The medium-bodied wine is the standard. Everyday versions are aged in stainless steel. The full-bodied style is achieved through longer maceration periods and aging in oak barrels.

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo has aromas of blackberry, black cherry, boysenberry and red plum. Herbal aromas can include sweet tobacco leaf, dried oregano and dried thyme. Flavors follow similarly with blackberry, plum, oregano and tobacco leaf. Oak aging yields flavors of vanilla and caramel as well as smoky and toasted flavors.

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo can be aged 5-15 years.

It should be served in an oversized, bowl-shaped wine glass at 60-68 F, after being decanted for at least an hour.

A Tour of Wine Grapes: Merlot

Merlot 🍷

Merlot (murr-low) originated from the Bordeaux region of France. Its name is derived from merle, the French word for blackbird, likely due to the grape's deep color.

Modern DNA profiling proves Merlot is a natural cross between Cabernet Franc and the rare, ancient Magdeleine Noire des Charentes. It was first officially recorded in Bordeaux in 1784 under the local name Merlau.

Although Merlot is grown across the world, it remains the most widely planted wine grape in all of France.

Originally considered a secondary grape, it gained massive importance on Bordeaux's Left Bank where it is blended with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot and Malbec.

On the Right Bank it is the dominate grape with Cabernet Franc and/or Cabernet Sauvignon being a more minor blending partner (5-30%).

Wines produced from the Merlot grape are medium to full-bodied red wines that tend to have lower acidity and softer tannins than Cabernet Sauvignon. Flavors include plum, black cherry, and raspberry. Oak aging imparts flavors of chocolate, vanilla.

Merlot wines typically age well for 3 to 7 years, with premium bottles aging up to 20 years when properly stored.

After decanting for 30 minutes, serve Merlot slightly chilled (around 62°F / 17°C) in a big bowl glass.

A Tour of Wine Grapes: Marsanne

Marsanne 🟡

Marsanne (mar-shon) is a white wine grape from France that has its origins in the Northern Rhône Valley.

The grape's cultivation was first recorded in the 16th century. It was formally documented as a distinct varietal in 1781, establishing its status in Rhône winemaking. During the Middle Ages, local monasteries kept the grape alive using it primarily as a blending component long before it was bottled as a single varietal.

By the 17th and 18th centuries, White Hermitage (made mostly of Marsanne) was globally famous. U.S. wine connoisseur Thomas Jefferson famously declared it "the first white wine in the world without a single exception."

In the late 1860s, Marsanne was exported to Victoria, Australia. Because Europe's vineyards were later devastated by the Phylloxera pest, Australia's now houses the world's oldest living Marsanne vines which were planted in 1927. The grape did not reach California until the 1980s.

While Marsanne often lacks any depth of aroma or flavor, it does tend to be use predominately as a blending variety with its more aromatic Rhône cousin Roussanne, and the more international pairing with Viognier.

Marsanne wine is light in body with low acidity. It generally tends to lack any depth of aroma but can exhibit flavors of honeydew melon, quince, Mandarin Orange, apricot and pear.

Marsanne as a varietal is not particularly age-worthy and should be consumed young (less than 5 years old).

Serve Marsanne cold (45 - 55 F) in a white wine glass with no decanting required.