Pouring that Last Glass of Wine from a Bottle? Be Careful!

In the making of red wines, bits of grape seeds and grape solids are often intentionally left in the wine during fermentation and aging. Sediment will also naturally develop in undisturbed bottles of red wine that have been aged in a cellar or wine refrigerator. But, finding that sediment in your glass of wine can be quite unpleasant. And, the most likely place to find this sediment is in the final glass of wine poured from a bottle. This is when all those bits, that have been settled on the side or bottom of the bottle, find their way into your glass.

So, instead of savoring that last sip of your wine, you end up spitting it out. An unpleasant way to finish.  And that has happened to me more than once. But it doesn't have to happen.

There are several ways to avoid getting a mouth full of grape bits in your glass of wine.

The first way is to try to keep the solids in the bottle and not let them in to your glass. If the bottle has been standing still and upright for a couple of days, the solids will have naturally fallen to the bottom of the bottle. As long as you are careful to not stir them up while opening the bottle and are gently tipping the bottle while pouring, the sediment should stay in the bottom of the bottle. But why take the risk.

The most dependable way is to do your own filtering before serving. There are several inexpensive devices on the market for doing this. The best one is a combination filter/aerator funnel. You simply hold this funnel above your decanter (or any other suitable container) and pour the wine through.  It has a micro-fine filter built-in that traps all those undesirable particles while allowing all the wine to pass through. As the wine exits the funnel, it also gets aerated (exposed to air) which will usually help a young red wine. You'll then find all those undesirable particles trapped in the bottom of the funnel.  Not lurking in your wine glass.

While sediment is not harmful if consumed, it does significantly detract from a nice glass of wine.  So, be careful - simply filter and forget! Cheers

Ever Wonder? How Should You Open a Wine Bottle Sealed with Wax?

Last time we looked at some of the reasons why a wine bottle might have a wax seal over the cork. Now, to the question of how best to remove the wax so that the cork can be extracted. Here are a few options:

Probably the easiest way to remove a wax seal is if it is actually one that has a built-in tab that can be pulled - just like the foil on a Champagne bottle. Just lift the tab, pulled it around the neck of the bottle and the cap will easily come off and expose the top of the cork. But, this type of seal is actually rare. So, if you are not so lucky, there are several other options for dealing with a wax capsule.

If the wax is soft and malleable, you just might be able to peel off the wax like a foil capsule. Or, carefully use a wine opener’s knife to cut off the top of the wax seal and expose the cork.

Another approach that can be used with soft wax is to simply insert a cork screw right through the top of the wax seal and pull out the cork and wax cap simultaneously.

Now, if the wax is very hard and almost like a hard plastic there are a couple of options. First, you can try to softening the wax by holding the bottle upside down and running hot water over just the upper neck of the bottle. In this case, try to just get the capsule warm and softened without heating the entire bottle. Then peel away the softened wax or go right through it with the corkscrew.

Or, the last-ditch technique for dealing with hard wax is to just start digging away at the top. Ideally, use the knife of a corkscrew to chip away at the wax until you’ve fully exposed the top of the cork.

A wax seal on a wine bottle may look very elegant but at the same time it can make the bottle difficult to deal with. But, stay patient. There’s a nice glass of wine just waiting for you on the other side of the wax-sealed cork! Cheers!

Ever Wonder? Should You Rinse a Wine Glass with Water When Switching Wines?

I was recently enjoying a glass of white wine and, when finished, asked to switch to a glass of red. The host said “Oh, let me rinse that glass for you first.” I stated that it was not necessary, but he insisted that he ‘freshen’ my glass.

While this is no great wine faux pas, this isn’t generally helpful. Let’s look at a couple of reasons why.

First, when switching from one wine to another, if you rinse a wine glass with water, you might actually leave enough water in the glass to slightly dilute the incoming wine. Again, not generally a big deal, but if you are using a small glass or being served ‘just a taste’ then any residual water in the glass could affect the taste of the wine.

And, speaking of the taste of the wine, it’s also possible that other harsh flavors from the water, including chlorine, could also affect the aromas and flavors of a wine.

So, if you are transitioning from white wine to a red wine, its’ probably not necessary to do any rinsing of the glass in between. But, if you are moving from a red wine to a white wine, you should probably just pour a splash of the white wine in your glass, twirl it around and dump it. This will remove enough of the red wine color from the glass so that you don’t end up with a rosé colored glass of white wine.

Rinsing with a splash of wine is another way to clear any sediment from the bottom of a wine glass or to clear any off-flavors of a flawed wine.

Swirling a splash of wine in your glass and then dumping it is also a good idea if you’ve just removed the wine glass from the dishwasher or off the shelf to remove any soap residue or dust.

So, skip the water rinse of your wine glass so that you get the greatest enjoyment of that next glass of wine. Cheers!

The Serving Temperature of Your Wine Matters

The temperature at which a wine is served matters.  And, here's why.  The 'proper' serving temperature will ensure that you get the best experience from your wine.  Serve it too cold or too warm and you can loose a lot of the wine's character.

This is partly due to your nose and how a wine's aroma works along with its taste. A wine’s aroma is greatly affected by the wine's temperature.  A cold wine will have less of an aroma because fewer of the volatile compounds will be released from the wine. Conversely, a warmer wine will easily release these compounds and give you an opportunity to experience the wine's full aroma.

Then there's the way a wine tastes.  Serving a white wine too cold will mute its fruit flavors. White wines taste good when they are served cool because of their acidity and negligible tannin. The fruit flavors are zippy and bright and a bit of a chill will enhance this.  But full bodied white wines that have been aged in oak (e.g., Chardonnay) are best served not quite so cool to allow you experience the buttery and vanilla flavors that oak imparts.

Serving a red wine too cold will emphasize its acidity, bitterness and tannin.  But, serving a red wine at room temperature is a bit too warm and can emphasize the alcohol, yielding a burning sensation in your throat.

So, here are some general guidelines for the 'proper' serving temperatures of wines:

• Sparkling Wine: 42° - 50° F

• Light Whites: 46° - 54° F

• Full Bodied Whites: 54° - 60° F

• Rosé: 45° - 55° F

• Light Reds: 50° - 54° F

• Medium Reds: 57° - 63° F

• Full Bodied Reds: 59° - 65° F

While most people don't have specialized multi-zone wine refrigerators to precisely control their wine temperatures, or take the time to use a fancy wine thermometer, here are a couple quick rules-of-thumb. 

• Sparkling wine can be stored directly in a kitchen refrigerator and removed 30 minutes prior to serving

• White wine can be placed in a kitchen refrigerator 30-60 minutes before serving. Or, if it's been stored in a kitchen refrigerator, simply remove it 30 minutes before serving 

• Red wines can be placed in a kitchen refrigerator for 30 minutes prior to serving

If you really like your red and white wines at kitchen refrigerator temperatures (~34° F) or your red wines at room temperature, go ahead and continue enjoying them. But at some point, give these temperature suggestions a try. You just might find that your favorite wines are even better at the recommended temperatures. Cheers!

Ever Wonder? What is Mulled Wine?

During the winter months and the holidays, mulled wine is a very popular drink, especially in European countries. Partly by tradition and partly because it's a warm drink that is enjoyed on cold evenings.  There are many names for mulled wine including Glögg in Sweden, Vin Chaud in France, and Glühwein in Germany.

A quick check of Webster's Dictionary shows that the word 'mull' can mean to mix thoroughly, or to heat, sweeten and flavor with spices. This is exactly why this drink is called mulled wine. It's a heated mixture that can be sweetened and flavored with spices.

There are no standard recipes for mulled wine but there are a lot of common ingredients. 

Most mulled wines start with red wine. You can find examples of white and even rosé mulled wines, but a red wine base is most common.  There is no best red wine to use, but any inexpensive bottle of a full-bodied, fruity, bold and tannic wine will do.  Examples might include Syrah, Malbec, Zinfandel, Grenache or Merlot. Even a red blend would work nicely.

Next, mulled wine includes spices. Common spices include clove, star anise, cinnamon, nutmeg, cardamom and ginger. Even vanilla shows up in some recipes.

Next, fruit is added.  Common fruits include orange, apple, figs, and raisins.  You can also sweeten your mulled wine with sugar or honey.

Then, some mulled wines are given an extra kick with the addition of vodka, brandy, rum, Cognac, sherry or aquavit. Other recipes will include hard cider, Madeira wine, and even Port.

Finally, all these ingredients get mixed together and heated to about 140-150 degrees F (60-70 C). You just want to avoid boiling since that will cause the alcohol to evaporate. Serve your mulled wine in a sturdy glass meant for hot liquids, or a mug. Then, you'll get to enjoy a warm, comforting drink during the holidays and during those cold winter evenings. Cheers!