All 50 U.S states produce wine to some extent, but approximately 95 percent of it comes from just four of them. California produces most of the US wine, producing nearly five times more than the combined total of  Washington, Oregon and New York. The remaining 5 percent of wines are produced in other states, such as Texas and Virginia, where production is mostly for local consumption rather than national or international markets.

The United States is comprised of American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) that are geographical grape-growing areas established and controlled by the Alcohol and Tobacco, Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).  In order for a wine to use an appellation on its label, at least 85 percent of the grapes used to make the wine must have been grown in the specified district.

Regional identity is denoted by the country’s more than 260 officially demarcated AVAs. Although these are similar to European-style appellations, AVA titles are less restrictive, and indicate only the region of origin for the grapes.

AVAs vary in size from one quarter of a square mile to almost 30,000 square miles (77,700 square kilometers).

More than half of the US AVAs are located in California.

AVAs as Defined by the Alcohol & Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

Alabama

Because of the state’s intensely humid, subtropical climate and historically strict local alcohol laws, the commercial wine industry has remained small and decentralized, relying on a generic "Alabama" state appellation on its wine labels. Today, the state supports roughly 12 to 15 active commercial wineries managing a highly compact collective footprint estimated at fewer than 150 to 200 total acres under vine.

Alaska

The state’s subarctic climate, frozen soils, and permafrost make traditional outdoor grape viticulture virtually impossible, forcing the local industry to rely on a generic "Alaska" state appellation. Alaska is home to roughly 4 to 8 active commercial wineries and meaderies. Because outdoor commercial vineyards do not exist, the state's true acreage under vine is 0 acres, though a tiny handful of hobbyists experiment with specialized backyard high-tunnel greenhouses.

Arizona

Sonoita - The Sonoita AVA encompasses a high-altitude basin of rolling grasslands, featuring roughly 230 acres of planted vineyards. The region is home to more than 20 commercial wineries. Winemakers here find great success with a wide range of grapes, particularly warm-climate varieties like Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sangiovese, and Grenache.

Willcox - The massive Willcox AVA spans approximately 526,000 total acres, with roughly 450 to 650 acres directly planted to vine. The area features roughly 18 wineries and supplies the vast majority of the fruit used across the state. The high-desert terroir yields exceptional Bordeaux and Mediterranean grape varieties, most notably Tempranillo, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, and Viognier.

Verde Valley - The Verde Valley AVA covers about 130,000 total acres (200 square miles) in central Arizona, with approximately 125 to 136 acres under vine. The region supports 11 operating wineries alongside 25 tasting rooms. Volcanic and limestone soils in the valley are well-suited for varieties such as Petite Sirah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malvasia Bianca, Barbera, and Vermentino.

Arkansas

Altus - Established in 1984, this historic area serves as the commercial heart of the Arkansas wine industry and covers a total boundary of roughly 46,000 acres. It hosts about 6 active wineries—including multi-generational pillars like Post Familie Vineyards and Wiederkehr Wine Cellars. Plantings cover a few hundred acres, leaning heavily into native and French-American hybrid grapes like Cynthiana (Norton), Muscadine, Niagara, Chardonnay, and Merlot.

Arkansas Mountains - Designated in 1986, this massive single-state region spans 2.88 million total acres across the northwestern portion of Arkansas. Because the commercial focus remains tightly clustered in Altus, the broader AVA features roughly 5 principal vineyards accounting for an estimated 1,800 total acres under vine. It shares its climate boundaries with its neighboring AVAs, supporting cold-hardy varieties like Cynthiana, Chambourcin, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Chardonnay.

Ozark Mountain - This behemoth multi-state AVA was established in 1986 and spans 3.52 million total acres, swallowing up the entire Arkansas Mountain region as it extends into Missouri and Oklahoma. The entire interstate territory contains roughly 40 to 70 wineries with an estimated 4,300 to 4,500 total acres planted. Due to hot, humid summers, growers widely focus on disease-resistant hybrid and native varieties such as Norton (Cynthiana), Vidal Blanc, Seyval Blanc, Traminette, Vignoles, and Catawba.

California

California is the largest wine region in the U.S. with more than 130 AVAs spanning the state from North to South. With more than 200 years of grape growing history, dating back to the 18th century, European settlers and missionaries brought wine producing grapes to California. But it wasn't until the 1970's that the wines gained international recognition. Since then, there has been massive growth of wine production through out the state.  California produces more than 90% of American wines.

See the entire listing of California’s AVAs

Colorado

Grand Valley - Established in 1991, this region spans roughly 76,000 total acres along the Colorado River basin, with about 800 acres directly planted to vine. It serves as the heart of the state's wine production, supporting roughly 30 commercial wineries. The high-desert, cliff-lined valley creates a protective microclimate where growers successfully cultivate varieties like Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Syrah, Riesling, and Viognier.

West Elks - Designated in 2001, this stunning region encompasses the North Fork of the Gunnison River valley and features vineyards sitting at extreme elevations between 5,400 and 6,700 feet. The small AVA is home to 12 wineries managing roughly 100 to 150 planted vineyard acres across Delta County. Thanks to intense sunlight, warm days, and cool mountain nights, the area is best known for bright, aromatic whites and lighter reds like Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir.

Connecticut

Eastern Connecticut Highlands - Designated in late 2019, this is the state's newest AVA, encompassing 797,440 total acres of rolling hills and glacial till soils across six eastern counties. The region is home to at least 12 operating wineries that manage small estate vineyard plots totaling roughly 50 to 100 acres. The climate allows growers to successfully experiment with a mix of cold-tolerant hybrids and vinifera, primarily producing Cayuga, Seyval Blanc, Traminette, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot.

Southeastern New England - Established in 1984, this massive multi-state coastal region spans 1.88 million total acres across the coastlines of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts. The broader interstate AVA supports 19 wineries with roughly 200 to 300 total acres under vine, including several prominent maritime vineyards along Connecticut's shoreline. Thanks to the ocean's moderating climate effects, it boasts a longer growing season that allows delicate European varieties to thrive, specifically Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot.

Western Connecticut Highlands - Established in 1988, this expansive region covers 1,004,550 total acres of rough, high-elevation terrain across Litchfield County and parts of Fairfield, New Haven, and Hartford counties. The area currently hosts 7 wineries utilizing roughly 40 to 60 acres of planted vines carved out of the glacial, rocky soils. Because of the cold winters and a short summer growing season, viticulture leans heavily toward French-American hybrids and cold-hardy varieties like Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc, Cayuga, Chambourcin, Cabernet Franc, and Marquette.

Delaware

As the second-smallest state in the nation, its wine industry operates entirely under the generic "Delaware" state appellation on its wine labels. Delaware's commercial viticulture is young but actively expanding. The state features roughly 4 to 6 operational wineries. The collective footprint across the state is highly intimate, spanning an estimated 40 to 75 total acres directly planted to vine.

Florida

Due to its high humidity, flat terrain, and extreme risk of vine diseases, the Sunshine State relies entirely on the basic "Florida" state appellation on its wine labels. Despite lacking a formal federal AVA, Florida boasts a vibrant commercial market supporting between 64 and 104 active wine producers.

Georgia

Upper Hiwassee Highlands - Established in 2014, this multi-state region was Georgia's very first AVA and spans roughly 448,000 total acres (700 square miles) across northern Georgia and southwestern North Carolina. The broader interstate area supports around 5 to 7 wineries with roughly 55 to 65 acres directly planted to vine. The high-altitude terrain is ideal for both French-American hybrids and classic European vinifera, with popular plantings including Norton (Cynthiana), Chambourcin, Cabernet Franc, Vidal Blanc, and Seyval Blanc.

Dahlonega Plateau - Designated in 2018, this wholly contained Georgia AVA spans 85,120 total acres (133 square miles) in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. It features 7 commercial wineries and 9 distinct vineyards managing just over 110 acres of planted vines. The region's well-drained clay-loam soils and high sun exposure allow a diverse range of grapes to thrive, most notably Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, and Seyval Blanc.

Hawaii

Because the islands feature a tropical climate, intense volcanic slopes, and specialized agriculture, the local wine industry operates under the basic "Hawaii" state appellation on its wine labels. Hawaii's commercial wine production is highly boutique, featuring just 2 to 4 active commercial wineries. Because commercial grape acreage is incredibly tight and fragmented, the state's cumulative footprint remains compact, estimated at fewer than 50 total acres directly under vine.

Idaho

Idaho may not be on everyone’s wine map, but it’s actually one of the country’s fastest growing states and just might become a notable wine region. Today, there are 65 wineries in Idaho located across three AVAs. The state’s top grapes include Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Malbec, Merlot, Riesling, Syrah, Tempranillo and Viognier.

Eagle Foothills - Designated in 2015 as Idaho’s first nested sub-appellation, this region sits entirely within the Snake River Valley boundaries and spans 49,815 total acres north of Boise. The boutique territory features around 4 to 5 operating wineries tending to roughly 99 acres of planted vineyards. Thanks to south-facing slopes, distinct granite soils, and high elevation, growers excel with aromatic whites and structured reds, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Chardonnay, Riesling, and Syrah.

Lewis-Clark Valley - Established in 2016, this cross-border region encompasses 306,658 total acres along the steep canyons of the Snake and Clearwater rivers, with roughly 72% of the territory located in northern Idaho. The region hosts roughly 5 localized wineries managing roughly 81 to 100 acres of active vineyard plots. Known as the "banana belt" for its lower elevation and temperate climate, the canyon terroir produces high-quality Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot Noir, and Syrah.

Snake River Valley - Established in 2007, this massive multi-state region covers roughly 5.1 million total acres across southwestern Idaho and a sliver of eastern Oregon, housing more than 90% of the state's vineyards. The region supports 27 commercial wineries with an estimated 1,100 to 1,200 acres directly under vine. Mirroring the latitude of southern France, its high-desert microclimate yields exceptional Mediterranean and cold-hardy varieties, most notably Syrah, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Riesling, and Chardonnay.

Illinois

Shawnee Hills - Established in 2006 as the state's very first AVA, this southern Illinois region encompasses 1.36 million total acres of unglaciated, rolling topography. The area features roughly 15 to 20 commercial wineries managing about 300 acres of planted vineyards rooted in well-drained loess soils. Because it enjoys a warmer climate and a longer growing season than the rest of the state, winemakers find great success with varieties like Chambourcin, Cabernet Franc, Traminette, Chardonel, and Norton.

Upper Mississippi River Valley - Designated in 2009, this behemoth is the largest contiguous AVA in the United States, spanning 19.1 million total acres (nearly 30,000 square miles) across Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The broader multi-state area hosts more than 32 wineries with roughly 500 total acres under vine, with a handful of those vineyards scattered along the limestone bluffs of northwestern Illinois. Due to the severe continental winters, the region focuses almost exclusively on cold-hardy French-American hybrids, prominently featuring Marquette, Frontenac, La Crescent, Marechal Foch, and St. Croix.

Indiana

Indiana Uplands - Established in 2013, this wholly contained Indiana AVA covers roughly 3.1 million total acres (4,800 square miles) across 19 counties in south-central Indiana. The region supports 17 commercial wineries—including Oliver Winery, which is one of the largest wineries in the United States—and features roughly 200 acres of planted vineyards. Free from historic glacial flattening, its high ridges and limestone-rich soils are ideal for disease-resistant hybrid grapes, primarily focusing on Chambourcin, Seyval Blanc, Traminette (Indiana's signature grape), Vignoles, and Chardonel.

Ohio River Valley - Designated in 1983, this massive multi-state region is one of the oldest AVAs in the country and spans a whopping 15.9 million total acres across Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The broader interstate territory holds around 42 wineries, with a vibrant cluster situated along the steep limestone bluffs of the Indiana side of the river. Complete vineyard acreage figures are highly dispersed over four states, but the river basin's warm, humid microclimate allows growers to nurture a broad mix of native, hybrid, and European grapes, most notably Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc, and Zinfandel.

Iowa

Loess Hills District - Established in 2016, this long, narrow region spans 8.25 million total acres along the western edge of Iowa and northwest Missouri. It features 13 commercial wineries and roughly 66 vineyards tending to about 112 acres of planted vines. The area is celebrated for its deep, wind-deposited silt soils and a climate that supports robust cold-hardy grapes like Frontenac, Marquette, Brianna, Edelweiss, and Marechal Foch.

Upper Mississippi River Valley - Designated in 2009, this massive interstate region is the largest contiguous AVA in the United States, spanning 19.1 million total acres (nearly 30,000 square miles) across northeast Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Across all four states, it houses over 50 wineries—including award-winning Iowa destinations like ⁠Eagles Landing Winery—and hundreds of vineyard acres. Thanks to the steep limestone bluffs of the Driftless Area, the terroir produces high-quality, disease-resistant varieties such as Marquette, Frontenac, La Crescent, St. Pepin, and La Crosse.

Kansas

Kaw Valley AVA - Formally approved in 2023, this region covers roughly 5,493 total acres along the northern drainage basin of the Kansas River in the northeast portion of the state. Kansas hosts at least 11 to 14 active farm wineries tending to several boutique vineyard plots. Because the brutal Midwestern winters bring a volatile continental climate, viticulture focuses heavily on cold-hardy French-American and American hybrid grapes, most notably Chambourcin, Traminette, Norton, Vignoles, and Seyval Blanc.

Kentucky

Ohio River Valley - Established in 1983, this behemoth region spans 15.9 million total acres (nearly 25,000 square miles) across Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, and West Virginia. Though the overall multi-state boundary is immense, Kentucky's localized portion of the AVA supports roughly 30 to 40 wineries concentrated along the northern river counties between Louisville and Lexington. Growers utilize the humid, moderating river climate to cultivate a diverse mix of French-American hybrids and classic European vinifera, most notably Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Seyval Blanc, and Vidal Blanc.

Louisiana

Mississippi Delta - Established in 1984, this vast region covers approximately 3.8 million total acres across northwestern Mississippi, western Tennessee, and the northeastern tip of Louisiana. The broader interstate boundary features only 3 operational wineries and a collective 50 to 250 acres under vine, though Louisiana as a whole houses around ⁠5 to 9 wine producers that frequently craft local fruit and berry wines. To combat intense heat and fungal vine diseases, the regional vineyards focus heavily on thick-skinned native grapes and specialty hybrids, most notably Muscadine, Blanc du Bois, Lenoir (Black Spanish), and Crimson Cabernet.

Maine

While having less than 100 acres planted, Maine in on the wine map with more than 30 wineries. With an annual average temperature of just over 45 degrees F, along with the harsh winters, makes wine making difficult in Maine, but hybrid grapes, such as Marquette, Frontenac and Cayuga are helping their efforts. Other common grapes include Marechal Foch, Léon Millot, Corot Noir, Frontenac Gris, St. Croix, La Crosse and St. Pepin. There are currently no designated AVAs in Maine.

Maryland

Catoctin - Designated in late 1983, this mountainous western Maryland region spans 169,600 total acres bounded by the Catoctin and South Mountains. It accommodates around 4 to 5 boutique wineries managing small, scattered estate plots that generally total under 100 acres of active vines. The region's unique gravelly, "speckled rock" soils and cooler mountain climate are well-suited for crisp, high-acid varieties like Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Riesling, Pinot Noir, and Vidal Blanc.

Cumberland Valley - Established in 1985, this broad multi-state region covers 765,000 total acres across western Maryland and south-central Pennsylvania. The entire interstate valley supports about 5 to 7 wineries, though only about 100 total acres are directly planted to vine along the high river terraces and slopes. Driven by highly alkaline limestone soils and a humid continental climate, growers primarily focus on a split of native, hybrid, and vinifera grapes like Vidal Blanc, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Niagara, and Concord.

Linganore - Established in 1983 as the state's very first appellation, this region in north-central Maryland spans 57,600 total acres across Frederick and Carroll counties. It currently supports 6 commercial wineries tending to a small, concentrated footprint of roughly 52 acres of planted vineyards. The area's rolling topography is highly celebrated for producing a diverse mix of French-American hybrids and European varieties, with a heavy emphasis on Cabernet Franc, Albariño, Chambourcin, Chardonel, and Traminette.

Massachusetts

Martha's Vineyard - Designated in 1985, this famous island region covers 64,000 total acres (100 square miles) encompassing Martha's Vineyard and Chappaquiddick Island. Though it has historically hosted just 1 to 2 commercial wineries with roughly 50 acres of planted estate vineyards, its unique sandy loam soils and ocean breezes create an exceptional microclimate. Vinifera grapes take center stage on the island, with winemakers relying primarily on Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, and Merlot to craft their signature coastal styles.

Nashoba Valley - Approved by the federal government in March 2026, this newly minted appellation sits entirely within Worcester County in north-central Massachusetts. This compact, inland region currently supports around 2 to 4 artisanal wine producers managing roughly 25 to 50 acres of active vineyard plots. Because the area experiences colder continental winters than the coast, viticulture is highly focused on cold-hardy French-American hybrids and native varieties, such as Marquette, St. Croix, Vignoles, Seyval Blanc, and Cayuga.

Southeastern New England - Established in 1984, this massive multi-state coastal region spans 1.88 million total acres across the coastlines of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The broader boundary contains 9 to 12 localized wineries and an estimated 200 to 300 total acres under vine, benefiting from maritime air that prevents extreme frost. Thanks to this mild coastal climate, growers successfully cultivate premium European vinifera alongside hybrids, prioritizing Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, Riesling, and Vidal Blanc.

Michigan

Michigan is the second most agriculturally diverse state in the U.S., so it shouldn’t be a surprise they grow grapes. With five AVAs and nearly 150 wineries, the Michigan’s vineyard area has doubled over the past decade. Top grapes include Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir and Riesling. Most of the highest quality grapes are being grown within 25 miles of Lake Michigan.

Fennville - Established in 1981, this historic coastal enclave in Allegan County was the third AVA ever created in the United States and spans a highly compact 44,800 total acres. It is the state's smallest AVA, hosting just 1 to 2 commercial wineries tending to roughly 40 to 50 acres of planted vines completely nested inside the larger Lake Michigan Shore region. Glacial sandy soils and intense lake-effect breezes allow growers to cultivate crisp, balanced varieties like Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Cabernet Franc, and Traminette.

Lake Michigan Shore - Designated in 1983, this expansive southwestern region wraps around the lake basin across five counties and covers roughly 812,800 total acres. It serves as a major commercial pillar, accommodating roughly 25 to 30 wineries that manage an estimated 1,200 planted vineyard acres. Boasting the state's longest and warmest growing season, it is highly regarded for producing robust red wines alongside aromatic whites, specifically Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Syrah, Chardonnay, and Riesling.

Leelanau Peninsula - Established in 1982, this prominent northwestern peninsula sits directly on the 45th parallel (matching the latitude of Bordeaux) and encompasses roughly 96,000 total acres. The region boasts a dense concentration of at least 25 commercial wineries managing an estimated 700 to 800 acres of active vineyard plots. The surrounding deep lake waters create a protected microclimate beautifully suited for high-quality, cool-climate vinifera, most notably Riesling, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, and Cabernet Franc.

Old Mission Peninsula - Designated in 1987, this narrow, finger-like landmass extends 19 miles directly into Grand Traverse Bay and covers a tight 19,200 total acres. The boutique peninsula is packed with 10 operating wineries that meticulously cultivate roughly 500 to 600 acres under vine. Surrounded entirely by water, its well-drained sandy hills experience long, mild autumns that produce intensely aromatic, structured styles of Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, and Pinot Gris.

Tip of the Mitt - Approved in 2016, this northernmost AVA spans a massive 1.76 million total acres (2,760 square miles) across the crown of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The frontier wine region supports about 8 to 12 localized wineries tending to roughly 100 planted vineyard acres carved out of heavily glaciated gravelly soils. Because it faces significantly harsher winter conditions, viticulture relies almost entirely on cold-hardy hybrid varieties, famously highlighting Marquette, Frontenac, La Crescent, Vignoles, and Seyval Blanc.

Minnesota

Alexandria Lakes - Established in 2005 as Minnesota's very first AVA, this central region spans a compact 10,880 total acres in Douglas County. The tiny district is completely bounded by six massive freshwater lakes—including Lake Carlos and Lake Miltona—which release heat and create a crucial microclimate to ward off early autumn frosts. The area features just 1 commercial winery (Carlos Creek Winery) managing roughly 15 to 25 acres of estate vines. Because it sits in a harsh Zone 4 climate, it relies strictly on cold-resilient grapes like Marquette, Frontenac, La Crescent, and Edelweiss.

Upper Mississippi River Valley - Designated in 2009, this mammoth multi-state region is the largest contiguous AVA in the nation, stretching across 19.1 million total acres of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois. The localized southeast Minnesota section of the "Driftless Area" hosts roughly 20 to 25 wineries, including historic icons like Alexis Bailly Vineyard—the first to produce a 100% Minnesota-grown commercial wine. Vineyard acreage totals several hundred acres across the state's bluffs, where the unique limestone-rich soils are heavily planted with signature cold-climate hybrids like Marquette, Frontenac Noir, Frontenac Blanc, La Crescent, and Itasca.

Mississippi

Mississippi Delta - Established in 1984, this vast region covers approximately 3.8 million total acres (6,000 square miles) spanning northwestern Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, and western Tennessee. The entire multi-state boundary features only 3 operational wineries and an estimated 50 to 250 total acres planted to vine across flat, alluvial plains. Because the subtropical climate heavily fosters devastating vine conditions like Pierce's disease, growers focus almost entirely on thick-skinned native grapes and resilient hybrids, most notably Muscadine, Blanc du Bois, Lenoir (Black Spanish), and Norton.

Missouri

Augusta - Established on June 20, 1980, this tiny, historic area beat out California’s Napa Valley by eight months to become the very first AVA in the United States. It covers a compact roughly 9,600 total acres along the alluvial bluffs of the Missouri River, supporting 4 to 5 commercial wineries managing a tight concentration of about 100 acres of planted vines. Its rich glacial loess soils and river microclimate are renowned for producing bold, award-winning styles of Norton (the official Missouri state grape), Chambourcin, Chardonel, Seyval Blanc, and Vignoles.

Hermann - Designated in 1987, this deeply historic region spans 51,200 total acres centered around a scenic, German-settled river town. The area hosts about 10 operational wineries—including the legendary Stone Hill Winery, which was one of the largest wineries in the world prior to Prohibition. Its steep, rocky hillsides hold roughly 150 to 200 acres of active vineyard plots dedicated primarily to robust, disease-resistant varieties like Norton, Vignoles, Chambourcin, Chardonel, and Catawba.

Loess Hills District - Approved in 2016, this long, narrow multi-state territory covers 8.25 million total acres (12,897 square miles) along the deep, wind-deposited silt bluffs of western Iowa and northwestern Missouri. The overall interstate boundary features 13 wineries managing a collective 112 acres of active vineyards. The unique, highly porous loess soils allow vine roots to reach exceptional depths, perfectly nourishing resilient, cold-climate hybrids like Marquette, Frontenac, Edelweiss, Brianna, and Marechal Foch.

Ozark Highlands - Designated in September 1987, this large south-central region encompasses 1.28 million total acres across eleven Missouri counties centered around the town of St. James. It accommodates roughly 8 to 10 commercial wineries that oversee an estimated 300 to 400 acres under vine rooted in gravelly clay soils underlain by limestone. The region enjoys high sun exposure on its rolling plateaus, yielding excellent crops of Norton, Chardonel, Concord, Catawba, and Vignoles.

Ozark Mountain - Established in 1986, this massive multi-state region is the sixth-largest AVA in the nation, covering 3.52 million total acres across southern Missouri, northwest Arkansas, and northeast Oklahoma. Because it is so vast, it entirely swallows up the Augusta, Hermann, and Ozark Highlands AVAs. The total interstate boundary holds roughly 40 to 70 wineries tending to an estimated 4,300 planted acres, where the highly elevated, well-drained soils favor cold-hardy and native grapes like Norton, Vidal Blanc, St. Vincent, Concord, and Catawba.

Montana

Because of the state's extreme winter freezes, short growing seasons, and young commercial market, wine production relies on a generic "Montana" state appellation on its wine labels. Montana is currently home to between 5 and 8 active commercial wineries. Because many local producers focus strictly on fruit ferments or choose to import out-of-state grapes (fermenting Washington or Oregon fruit locally into "American" designated table wine), the state's actual estate vineyard footprint is highly boutique, estimated at roughly 50 total acres under vine.

Nebraska

While Nebraska features a vibrant, award-winning agricultural wine presence—supported by roughly 31 to 36 active commercial wineries tending to an estimated 400 to 1,000 total acres of premium vines—the local industry relies almost entirely on the generic "Nebraska" state appellation on its wine labels.

Nevada

Because its commercial wine sector is exceptionally young (beginning in 1991), all locally produced bottles carry the basic "Nevada" state appellation on their wine labels. For decades, archaic laws completely banned commercial wineries in Nevada's most populated counties (Clark and Washoe). In 2015, those strict population limits were completely lifted. Today, Nevada is home to approximately 5 operating wineries tending to an extremely intimate, boutique footprint of under 40 total acres directly planted to vine.

New Hampshire

Modern viticulture really started in New Hampshire in the 1980s and 1990s. While there are currently no official AVAs in New Hampshire, there are aromatic white wines of note. Among the approximately 30 wineries you’ll find Riesling, along with lesser-known grapes like Cayuga White, De Chaunac, Marechal Foch, Seyval Blanc and La Crescent.

New Jersey

It shouldn’t be surprising that the Garden State grows grapes and produces wines. The Renault Winery was the first commercial vineyard that was established in 1864 and is still open. The state's most important grapes include Blaufränkisch, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Riesling and Syrah.

Cape May Peninsula - Designated in 2018, this boutique coastal appellation covers 64,000 total acres tightly nested within the southernmost tip of the Outer Coastal Plain. It features around 4 to 6 operational wineries tending to a concentrated footprint of approximately 100 planted vineyard acres. Encircled by the Atlantic Ocean and the Delaware Bay, the area experiences an exceptionally long growing season that minimizes frost, allowing growers to produce elegant, maritime-influenced Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, and Pinot Gris.

Central Delaware Valley - Approved in 1984, this historic multi-state region encompasses roughly 96,000 total acres along the banks of the Delaware River in central New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania. The New Jersey portion accommodates about 3 to 5 wineries utilizing an estimated 50 to 75 acres of active vines planted in fertile, shale-heavy soils. The local river valley microclimate naturally regulates extreme temperatures, proving highly favorable for classic cool-climate and hybrid varieties such as Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Riesling, Vidal Blanc, and Seyval Blanc.

Outer Coastal Plain - Established in 2007, this expansive southern region serves as the commercial giant of the state, spanning over 2.25 million total acres across nine counties. It houses the highest concentration of the state's industry, supporting at least 32 commercial wineries with roughly 750 to 1,000 acres under vine. The flat terrain and well-drained, sandy loam soils benefit from maritime air currents, making it premier territory for classic European varieties and hybrids like Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Chambourcin, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Chardonnay.

Warren Hills - Established in 1988, this hilly northwestern region spans 144,640 total acres entirely contained within Warren County. It accommodates about 4 to 6 boutique wineries managing small estate vineyard plots that total roughly 60 to 80 acres carved into steep limestone and shale ridges. Because the high-elevation mountain terrain experiences colder winters, viticulture is finely split between hardy European grapes and disease-resistant hybrids, prominently highlighting Chambourcin, Cabernet Franc, Riesling, Vignoles, and Traminette.

New Mexico

The first vineyards were planted in New Mexico in 1629. Today there is almost 1 million cases of wine produced in the three AVAs. Elevations range from 400 feet to more than 6000 feet. These higher elevations along with their sandy soils that provide excellent drainage leads to some very nice wine. Grapes of note include Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Franc and Syrah.

Mesilla Valley - Established in 1985, this historic multi-state region covers roughly 280,000 total acres extending from the southernmost tip of New Mexico (near Las Cruces) across the border into western Texas. The New Mexico portion of the valley supports about 8 to 12 boutique wineries tending to an estimated 150 to 200 acres of active vineyard plots rooted in thick alluvial clay soils. Because it experiences the state's warmest growing season, winemakers find incredible success with heat-tolerant Mediterranean and classic Spanish varieties, most notably Tempranillo, Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, and Cabernet Sauvignon.

Middle Rio Grande Valley - Established in 1988, this central region stretches along a 50-mile strip of the Rio Grande basin near Albuquerque and covers roughly 278,400 total acres. The valley floor accommodates at least 10 commercial wineries managing a tight, concentrated footprint of about 100 to 150 acres of planted vines. The combination of sandy-loam river soils, intense desert sun, and dramatic night cooling allows growers to successfully craft bright, highly aromatic styles of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Viognier, Zinfandel, and Syrah.

Mimbres Valley - Designated in 1985, this massive southwestern region is New Mexico's largest AVA, spanning a whopping 638,720 total acres across Luna and Grant counties. It serves as a major agricultural pillar for the state's industry, hosting around 4 to 6 operational wineries but containing the state's largest commercial vineyard properties totaling over 400 to 600 acres under vine. Sitting at elevations between 4,000 and 5,000 feet, the hot desert plains are perfectly tempered by high mountain breezes, yielding exceptional Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Syrah, Chardonnay, and Malbec.

New York

New York is home to the oldest winery in the U.S., dating back to 1839.  Prohibition in the U.S. from 1919 to 1933 nearly eliminated New York's wine producers. In 1975 there were only 19 remaining wineries; the wine industry was nearly gone.  But in a strong revival, the state has grown to currently having more than 450 wineries, along with 11 AVAs.

Champlain Valley of New York : Designated in 2016, this extreme northern frontier spans roughly 500,000 total acres along Lake Champlain. It supports 6 small commercial wineries overseeing a highly concentrated 24 acres under vine. Because of short summers and bitter winter weather, it focuses strictly on cold-hardy hybrids like Marquette, Frontenac, and La Crescent.

Finger Lakes: Established in 1982, this massive region spans 5.4 million total acres with roughly 9,000 to 10,700 acres under vine. It houses over 130 wineries that use deep glacial lakes to prevent frost. The cool-climate terroir produces world-class Riesling, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Noir, and Cabernet Franc.

Cayuga Lake: Established in 1988 within the Finger Lakes AVA, this area features a lower elevation and slightly warmer microclimate than its neighbors. It supports roughly 15 wineries working with shale-heavy loam soils to craft exceptional Chardonnay, Riesling, and Cabernet Franc.

Seneca Lake: Nestled entirely inside the Finger Lakes AVA, this 2003 designation highlights the microclimate surrounding the state's deepest lake. It accounts for a massive portion of the parent AVA's production, hosting over 30 wineries specializing in razor-sharp, mineral-driven Riesling, Cabernet Franc, and Pinot Noir.

Hudson River Region: Established in 1982, this historic valley covers 224,000 total acres flanking the river basin. The region supports between 49 and 59 wineries managing a boutique footprint of roughly 172 to 235 acres of vines. Its slate and shale soils yield highly acclaimed cool-climate styles of Cabernet Franc, Seyval Blanc, Hudson Valley Heritage red blends, and Chardonnay.

Lake Erie: This large multi-state appellation was designated in 1983 and hugs the lake's southern shore across New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. The New York section features about 20 wineries managing a staggering 17,653 vineyard acres, though the vast majority is dedicated to native juice grapes like Concord. Winemakers focus their premium wine portfolios on cold-resilient choices like Riesling, Chardonnay, and Seyval Blanc.

Long Island: Designated in 2001, this maritime region covers 750,000 total acres and boasts ⁠around 1,900 to 2,000 acres planted to vine. It is home to roughly 82 commercial wineries buffered by the Atlantic Ocean. The sandy soils are famous for Bordeaux-style varieties, predominantly Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay.

The Hamptons, Long Island: Formed in 1985 on the south fork inside the Long Island AVA, this small, prestigious oceanfront enclave features a cooler, cloudier growing season. It hosts a small handful of boutique estates well-recognized for crisp Chardonnay, ocean-breezed Rosé, and Pinot Noir.

North Fork of Long Island: Nested entirely inside the Long Island AVA, this 1986 designation spans a narrow strip of land flanked by the Long Island Sound and Peconic Bay. It contains the majority of the island's estate vineyards, showcasing elegant, maritime-influenced Merlot, Cabernet Franc, and Sauvignon Blanc.

Niagara Escarpment: Formed in 2005 along the limestone ridge near Niagara Falls, this western region encompasses roughly 18,000 total acres. The microclimate accommodates around 14 to 20 localized wineries managing just 219 acres of premium vines. The lake-moderated climate excels at producing crisp Riesling, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and traditional ice wines.

Upper Hudson: Established in late 2018, this northern inland region spans 1.65 million total acres across seven counties north of Albany. It includes around 5 to 8 boutique farm wineries managing a combined 31 acres of active vineyard plots. Lacking coastal moderation, growers rely almost entirely on cold-climate French-American and Minnesota hybrids such as Marquette, Frontenac, La Crescent, and Traminette.

North Carolina

With intense summer heat and cool Atlantic Ocean breezes, North Carolina is able to grow varieties that include Cabernet Sauvignon, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tempranillo, Albariño and Viognier. Declines in the tobacco market has lead many farmers to switch to grapes where there are now six AVAs, many being located in the rolling hills and mountains.

Appalachian High Country - Approved in 2016, this rugged multi-state appellation covers 1.54 million total acres across the high-elevation peaks of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The North Carolina portion features about 4 to 6 boutique wineries managing small, terraced vineyard plots that total roughly 40 to 60 acres at elevations reaching up to 4,000 feet. Because the severe mountain winters bring short, cool growing seasons, viticulture focuses tightly on cold-hardy hybrids and resilient European grapes like Marquette, Frontenac, Seyval Blanc, Riesling, and Cabernet Franc.

Crest of the Blue Ridge Henderson County: Established in 2019, this western mountain region spans 135,680 total acres centered around Hendersonville along the Eastern Continental Divide. The highly concentrated region supports roughly 7 commercial wineries and 14 distinct vineyards managing just over 100 acres of premium vines. Sitting on high, well-drained mountain plateaus with warm days and crisp nights, the terroir yields excellent crops of classic European and hybrid grapes, most notably Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Seyval Blanc.

Haw River Valley - Established in 2009, this central Piedmont region covers approximately 556,800 total acres across Alamance and Guilford counties. The area accommodates about 6 to 9 boutique farm wineries utilizing a concentrated footprint of roughly 60 to 75 acres under vine. Featuring a long, warm growing season and well-drained volcanic soils, winemakers here find great success with a balance of French-American hybrids and classic vinifera, primarily producing Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Chambourcin, and Traminette.

Swan Creek - Designated in 2008, this boutique region spans about 115,200 total acres tightly nested within the western portion of the Yadkin Valley boundary. It supports roughly 6 to 8 localized wineries managing an estimated 150 to 200 acres of estate vines rooted in mineral-rich, schist and granite soils. The unique mountain topography yields crisp winds that dry out the vines, making it highly celebrated for producing bright, elegant styles of Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Viognier, and Syrah.

Upper Hiwassee Highlands - Designated in 2014, this multi-state mountain region spans 448,000 total acres across southwestern North Carolina and northern Georgia. The North Carolina side of the border hosts around 3 to 4 boutique wineries tending to small, high-elevation vineyard plots that total roughly 30 to 45 acres. The intense sun and cooler high-altitude alpine climate prove highly favorable for disease-resistant hybrids and cool-climate European choices like Norton, Chambourcin, Cabernet Franc, Vidal Blanc, and Traminette.

Yadkin Valley - Established in 2003 as North Carolina's very first AVA, this sprawling northwestern region encompasses roughly 1.4 million total acres (2,185 square miles). It serves as the commercial engine of the state's vinifera industry, housing more than 40 operational wineries managing an estimated 400 to 500 planted vineyard acres. Protected by the surrounding mountains, the clay-loam and clay soils are heavily planted with premium European and hybrid varieties, most notably Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, Merlot, Viognier, and Syrah.

North Dakota

Sharing the exact subarctic weather challenges as Alaska and its northern New England peers, the Peace Garden State relies entirely on a generic "North Dakota" state appellation on its wine labels.

Ohio

In the mid-1800s, Ohio was at the center of the U.S. wine industry with the Catawba grape being used to make sparkling wine. Today, Ohio is actually the U.S.’s sixth largest wine producer!

Grand River Valley - Established in 1983, this premier northeastern region acts as the commercial capital of the state's premium vinifera industry. It features roughly 30 to 35 wineries managing an estimated 800 to 1,000 acres of estate vineyards planted in glacial gravel soils. Buffered by the temperature-moderating effects of Lake Erie, the terroir mimics classic cool-climate European zones to produce highly acclaimed Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, and Cabernet Franc.

Isle St. George - Designated in 1982, this highly unique island appellation encompasses just 640 total acres on North Bass Island in Lake Erie. The tiny micro-region features about 150 to 300 acres directly planted to vine, which are entirely managed by outside producers because there are no physical wineries operating on the island itself. Encircled by deep lake waters that stall early frosts, the state-owned island vineyard rows are heavily dedicated to traditional sweet and cool-climate grapes, most notably Catawba, Delaware, Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and Chardonnay.

Lake Erie - Designated in 1983, this massive multi-state strip stretches across 2.24 million total acres along the southern lakeshore across Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. The localized Ohio portion accommodates roughly 40 commercial wineries tending to an estimated 1,200 acres under vine, though thousands of additional acres are dedicated strictly to native juice grapes. The sandy and gravelly lakefront topsoils yield excellent, crisp wine profiles, focusing heavily on Riesling, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Catawba, and Chambourcin.

Loramie Creek - Approved in 1982, this ultra-compact, flat inland region covers 3,600 total acres in Shelby County near the western border. The territory holds the distinction of having no operating wineries and virtually no active vineyard acreage today, as growers abandoned the area due to poor drainage in the organic loam soils. Historically, the region was carved out to cultivate cold-hardy French-American hybrids, specifically focusing its short-lived output on the Baco Noir grape variety.

Ohio River Valley - Originally designated in 1983 and later redrawn in 2013, this deeply historic region is the second-largest AVA in the United States, spanning 15.9 to 16.6 million total acres across Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and West Virginia. Considered the historic birthplace of American viticulture, the localized Ohio-specific section of the river basin hosts about 16 operational wineries overseeing an estimated 150 to 200 acres of active vineyard plots (with 570 total acres planted across all four states). The highly humid river microclimate transitions beautifully between cold continental and humid subtropical zones, utilizing diverse silt and gray-brown podzolic soils to yield a heavy focus on resilient hybrids and select vinifera like Chambourcin, Cabernet Franc, Traminette, Vidal Blanc, and Catawba

Oklahoma

Ozark Mountain - Established in 1986, this massive Midwestern region spans 3.52 million total acres across southern Missouri, northwest Arkansas, and the northeastern corner of Oklahoma. The broader multi-state area accommodates about 40 to 70 commercial wineries managing an estimated 4,300 to 4,500 total acres of planted vineyards. The Oklahoma portion features a handful of localized wineries, like ⁠Pecan Creek Winery, utilizing well-drained limestone and clay-loam soils. Because the continental climate brings scorching, humid summers and bitter winters, viticulture focuses primarily on highly resilient native and French-American hybrid grapes, most notably Norton (Cynthiana), Chambourcin, Chardonel, Vidal Blanc, and Vignoles.

Oregon

Oregon is a world-class winemaking heavyweight, ranking as the third-largest state in the country by total number of wineries. According to the state census data, Oregon is home to over 1,100 active wineries managing 47,343 total acres under vine.

The state features 23 official American Viticultural Areas (AVAs).

Pennsylvania

Central Delaware Valley - Approved in 1984, this historic multi-state region encompasses roughly 96,000 total acres along the banks of the Delaware River in eastern Pennsylvania and central New Jersey. The Pennsylvania side of the river basin hosts about 4 to 6 boutique wineries utilizing an estimated 50 to 75 acres of active vines planted in well-drained shale soils. The local river valley microclimate naturally regulates extreme temperatures, proving highly favorable for classic cool-climate and hybrid varieties such as Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Riesling, Vidal Blanc, and Seyval Blanc.

Cumberland Valley - Established in 1985, this broad multi-state region covers 765,000 total acres across south-central Pennsylvania and western Maryland. The broader valley supports about 5 to 7 wineries, with a handful of localized vineyards managing roughly 100 total acres directly planted to vine along the rolling slopes. Driven by highly alkaline limestone soils and a humid continental climate, growers primarily focus on a split of native, hybrid, and vinifera grapes like Vidal Blanc, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Niagara, and Concord.

Lake Erie - Designated in 1983, this massive multi-state strip spans 2.24 million total acres along the southern lakeshore across Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York. The localized Pennsylvania section in Erie County accommodates roughly 25 to 30 wineries managing an impressive 10,000+ acres under vine, making it the state's largest concentrated grape region. Buffered by lake breezes that ward off frost, the gravelly ridge soils yield superb cool-climate varieties like Riesling, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, and Chambourcin.

Lancaster Valley - Established in 1982, this wholly contained Pennsylvania AVA covers roughly 224,000 total acres of highly fertile farmland in Lancaster County. The region supports at least 8 to 12 commercial wineries managing a tight, boutique footprint of approximately 100 planted vineyard acres. Because the limestone-derived soils are exceptionally rich and the valley floor traps heat, growers successfully nurture classic European vinifera, most notably Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc.

Lehigh Valley - Designated in 2008, this northeastern region spans roughly 555,500 total acres across Lehigh, Northampton, and Berks counties. The area serves as a vibrant commercial wine hub, hosting more than 20 operational wineries tending to an estimated 250 to 300 acres under vine. The region's unique shale and slate soils combined with rolling hill elevations allow a diverse portfolio to thrive, with a major emphasis on Chambourcin (the region's signature red hybrid), Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, Riesling, and Traminette.

Rhode Island

Southeastern New England - Established in 1984, this broad coastal region spans 1.88 million total acres looping across the coastlines of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. The Rhode Island portion of the AVA contains the area's oldest and largest producers—such as Sakonnet Vineyard (planted in 1975) and Newport Vineyards —which capitalize on well-drained, glaciated soils. The surrounding Atlantic Ocean heavily moderates the microclimate to extend the growing season, allowing winemakers to craft exceptionally crisp, high-acid styles of Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Vidal Blanc, and Cayuga White.

South Carolina

The Palmetto State relies entirely on the generic "South Carolina" state appellation on its wine labels. Because the subtropical climate brings severe weather challenges, large-scale commercial grape viticulture has been historically difficult to establish.

South Dakota

Much like its northern counterpart and neighboring New England states, South Dakota relies entirely on the basic "South Dakota" state appellation for its wine labels due to its small footprint and extreme weather.

Tennessee

Appalachian High Country - Established in 2016, this rugged multi-state mountain region spans 1.54 million total acres across the high-elevation peaks of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. The broader boundary features 10 commercial wineries tending to roughly 20 distinct vineyards, with several small, terraced plots situated on the steep Tennessee slopes. Sitting at elevations reaching up to 6,000 feet with an exceptionally short growing season, viticulture relies almost entirely on ultra-cold-hardy hybrids like Marquette, Frontenac, Marechal Foch, Vidal Blanc, and Traminette.

Arkansas Mountain - Approved in 1986, this massive single-state region spans 2.88 million total acres across the Ozark plateau. While it is primarily defined by the state of Arkansas, its historical regulatory boundaries slightly touch watersheds extending into southwest Tennessee. It shares its climate boundaries to support cold-hardy varieties like Cynthiana (Norton) and Chambourcin across roughly 5 principal vineyards totaling 1,800 acres under vine.

⁠⁠Mississippi Delta - Designated in 1984, this vast alluvial basin covers approximately 3.8 million total acres stretching across western Tennessee, northwestern Mississippi, and eastern Louisiana. The entire interstate territory contains only 3 physical wineries managing a highly dispersed collective footprint of 50 to 250 acres under vine. Because the low-lying, humid river delta plains foster intense fungal vine diseases, the Tennessee growers in this AVA focus strictly on resilient, thick-skinned choices, prominently featuring Muscadine, Blanc du Bois, and Norton.

⁠Nine Lakes of East Tennessee - Approved by the federal government, this newly minted appellation spans more than 2.56 million total acres (4,000 square miles) across portions of 14 counties. The highly concentrated region supports 29 operating wineries and over 230 acres of active vineyards marked by rolling ridges along the Tennessee River. Benefiting from a long growing season and protective lake microclimates, growers successfully cultivate a diverse range of French-American hybrids and native grapes, most notably Chambourcin, Traminette, Seyval Blanc, and Muscadine.

⁠Texas

While everything is usually bigger in Texas, they actually produce some lighter wines. In the 1600s, Texas began growing grapes. Today, the northwestern part of the state is growing the majority of the grapes in the Texas High Plains AVA which is just one of their eight AVAs. The top grapes being grown in Texas include Albariño, Cabernet Sauvignon, Mourvèdre, Tempranillo, Vermentino and Viognier.

Escondido Valley - This AVA is a desert with buttes throughout. It encompasses 32,000 acres in the state’s western portion, known as the Trans-Pecos region. The valley sits at about 2,700 feet.

Mesilla Valley - The Mesilla Valley AVA, split between New Mexico and Texas, runs along the Rio Grande River and was established in 1985. It sits at approximately 3,500 feet above sea level and is surrounded by the Organ Mountains to the west and the Rio Grande.

Texas Davis Mountains - Established in 1998 and sitting at about 5,400 feet above sea level, this high desert can reach temperatures above 95°F (35°C) during the day and drop to below 40°F (4°C) at night in the peak of summer. Inside this small AVA, there are only four vineyards with a total planting of 43.5 acres, and at this time, only one winery.

Texas High Plains - The region sits between 3,000 and 4,000 feet and experiences wide diurnal shifts. In summer, there can be a 30° temperature difference between day and night. The Texas High Plains soil is rust red from its iron composition and consists of sandy loam over caliche and eolian sand. This AVA grows more than 80% of the state’s wine grapes. Its soils tend to be more sandy and its elevations vary from 3000 to 4000 feet.

Texas Hill Country - With over 9 million acres, this is one of the largest AVAs in the U.S. with elevations between 800 and 2,800 feet. It is located in south-central Texas and forms the southeast portion of the Edwards Plateau.

Bell Mountain - Created in 1986 as the very first wholly contained AVA in Texas history, this tiny micro-region spans just 3,200 total acres on the slopes of Bell Mountain within the Texas Hill Country AVA. The historical zone was carved out by a single pioneering producer and features 1 active winery overseeing roughly 20 to 30 acres of estate vines rooted in highly unique, decomposed granite soils. The steep slopes protect against frost, allowing the vineyard to successfully focus on Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc.

Fredericksburg in the Texas Hill Country: Established in 1992 inside the massive Texas Hill Country AVA, this boutique zone covers roughly 64,000 total acres surrounding a historic, German-settled town. It serves as a bustling tourism epicenter, hosting over 15 wineries managing a concentrated footprint of approximately 100 to 150 acres of premium vines. The sandy clay loam soils yield exceptional expressions of Tempranillo, Syrah, Tannat, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon.

Texoma - Approved in 2005, this northern border region spans approximately 2.22 million total acres along the Red River valley next to Oklahoma. The area accommodates about 10 to 15 commercial wineries managing a tight, boutique footprint of roughly 150 to 200 acres under vine rooted in sandy loam, limestone, and clay soils. The climate is tempered by the river valley, proving highly favorable for producing diverse portfolios of Tempranillo, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Viognier, and Merlot.

Utah

Because of historical cultural factors and the state's extreme high-altitude desert geography, the local wine industry remains quite young, meaning all local bottles use the generic "Utah" state appellation on their labels.

Vermont

The state's wine industry has historically used the general "Vermont" state appellation. Across the state, there are around 20 active commercial wine producers managing an estimated 115 to 150 total acres of grapevines.

Virginia

Wine growing in Virginia dates back to the early 1600s, when the Virginia Company of London determined that settlers at Jamestown were obliged to cultivate European vines.  The state ranks 5th in the nation for both planted acreage and grape production.

Today, Virginia has 8 AVAs:

North Fork of Roanoke - Established in 1987, this small, high-elevation region spans roughly 54,000 total acres along the eastern slopes of the Allegheny Mountains. The territory supports around 2 to 4 boutique wineries cultivating a concentrated footprint of fewer than 50 acres of planted vines carved out of gravelly limestone soils. The cooler alpine climate allows growers to excel with structured reds and unique native choices like Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Norton.

Rocky Knob - Designated in 1983, this ultra-compact, rugged region covers just 9,000 total acres on the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge Mountains in southwestern Virginia. The boutique micro-appellation features one active commercial winery managing roughly 15 to 25 acres of active estate vineyards rooted in gravelly loam soils. Intense daytime sun shifts to chilly mountain nights, allowing the vines to produce highly elegant Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Riesling, and Pinot Noir.

Monticello - Established in 1984 around Charlottesville, this world-renowned region spans roughly 800,000 total acres and anchors the state's premium industry with over 40 commercial wineries. Tending to a significant share of the state's total acreage, its well-drained granite-clay soils yield celebrated, complex styles of Viognier (Virginia's official state grape), Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Chardonnay.

Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace - Formed in 1987, this historic coastal peninsula covers roughly 339,000 total acres flanked by the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers. The isolated microclimate accommodates about 6 to 9 operational wineries managing a tight footprint of approximately 100 acres under vine rooted in sandy-loam soils. Buffered heavily by the surrounding rivers, the long growing season excels at producing balanced Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, Vidal Blanc, and Chambourcin.

Virginia’s Eastern Shore - Established in 1991, this unique, narrow peninsula separates the Chesapeake Bay from the Atlantic Ocean, spanning roughly 236,800 total acres. The remote maritime strip accommodates 1 to 2 localized boutique wineries tending to small vineyard rows totaling under 40 acres rooted in deep, well-drained sandy soils. Encircled entirely by water, the mild growing season enables vintners to focus cleanly on European-style varieties, most notably Chardonnay, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, and Sauvignon Blanc.

Virginia Peninsula - Approved in late 2021, this eastern region covers roughly 623,000 total acres bounded by the James and York rivers, encompassing historic sites like Williamsburg and Jamestown. The maritime zone currently hosts around 5 to 7 commercial wine producers tending to approximately 100 to 125 acres of planted vineyards. The ocean-moderated air creates a mild climate that limits winter frost, perfectly nourishing maritime expressions of Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, and Petit Verdot.

Middleburg Virginia - Approved in 2012, this historic Northern Virginia region covers roughly 190,000 total acres across Loudoun and Fauquier counties. The area acts as a bustling, high-density wine hub, hosting at least 25 to 30 operating wineries tending to an estimated 300 to 400 acres under vine. Protected by the Blue Ridge Mountains, its loam soils yield robust, exceptional Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc.

Shenandoah Valley - Designated in 1982, this massive multi-state region covers roughly 2.4 million total acres stretching between mountain ranges along the western edge of Virginia and West Virginia. The Virginia sector accommodates about 25 to 30 localized wineries managing hundreds of vineyard acres rooted in unique limestone-rich soils. The cooler mountain microclimate naturally locks in brilliant acidity, proving highly favorable for producing crisp Riesling, Cabernet Franc, Traminette, and Pinot Noir.

Washington State

Washington State is a monumental powerhouse in American viticulture, standing proudly as the second-largest wine-producing state in the nation. Driven by a dynamic terrain that seamlessly balances maritime and desert influences, Washington boasts 20 distinct American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) that span more than 11 million total acres, supporting over 1,000 active commercial wineries and a staggering 60,000+ acres of premium vineyards. While a tiny handful of boutique producers thrive in the cool, rain-shadow microclimates of Western Washington, the vast majority of the state's wine industry is anchored in the sun-drenched, high-desert plains of the massive Columbia Valley east of the Cascade Mountains, where sandy, wind-blown silt soils and intense diurnal temperature shifts deliver globally acclaimed, structured expressions of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, and Riesling.

Complete Listing of Washington State’s 20 AVAs

West Virginia

Kanawha River Valley - Established in 1986, this is the only wine appellation located completely within West Virginia's borders. It spans 64,000 total acres (100 square miles) across five counties along the Kanawha River basin between Charleston and the Ohio border. It functions as a nested sub-appellation entirely inside the larger Ohio River Valley AVA. The region’s hilly topography pushes vineyards up above 900 feet, where constant mountain breezes dry out the vines and the river protects against frost. It currently supports a small handful of boutique vineyards cultivating cold-hardy choices like Baco Noir, Chambourcin, Riesling, and Seyval Blanc.

Ohio River Valley - Established in 1983, this historic behemoth region covers a whopping 15.9 million total acres (nearly 25,000 square miles) looping across portions of West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. The West Virginia section of the river basin hosts a small cluster of boutique farm wineries that capitalize on the humid, temperature-regulating river microclimate and diverse limestone-silt soils. Because the humid Appalachian summers can promote fungal diseases, local growers focus heavily on disease-resistant French-American hybrids and cold-hardy varieties, most notably Chambourcin, Vidal Blanc, Baco Noir, Chardonel, and Cabernet Franc.

Shenandoah Valley - Designated in 1982 as a massive 2.4 million-acre region, this AVA is famously centered in Virginia but officially extends its northern boundary into Berkeley and Jefferson counties in West Virginia's eastern panhandle. While the vast majority of the AVA's acreage and its 37+ wineries sit on the Virginia side, the West Virginia panhandle portion hosts 1 to 2 localized boutique operations. Shielded by the surrounding Appalachian ridges, the local terroir features excellent limestone-rich soils that are well-suited for crisp, high-acid profiles of Chardonnay, Riesling, Traminette, and Cabernet Franc.

Wisconsin

Lake Wisconsin - Approved in 1994, this compact southern region encompasses just 28,000 total acres centered around Lake Wisconsin in Columbia and Dane counties. The boutique micro-region features about 1 to 2 physical wineries—including the historic Wollersheim Winery, which serves as a founding anchor of the state's modern wine movement—managing approximately 30 to 45 acres directly planted to vine. The high thermal mass of the nearby lake warms the surrounding hillsides, allowing the estate to successfully harvest cold-hardy and French-American hybrids like Marechal Foch, La Crosse, St. Pepin, and Leon Millot.

Upper Mississippi River Valley - Designated in 2009, this behemoth multi-state region is the largest contiguous AVA in the United States, spanning 19.1 million total acres across Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois. The western Wisconsin section—situated within the unglaciated "Driftless Area"—accommodates roughly 15 to 20 localized wineries managing hundreds of vineyard acres planted on steep limestone bluffs. The unique microclimate features rapid cold-air drainage that protects the vines, proving highly favorable for producing robust, disease-resistant hybrids such as Marquette, Frontenac Noir, Frontenac Blanc, La Crescent, and Edelweiss.

Wisconsin Ledge - Established in 2012, this unique northeastern region spans roughly 2.4 million total acres along a giant limestone peninsula bounded by Lake Michigan and Green Bay. The area serves as a major commercial wine destination, hosting around 14 to 22 operational wineries managing an estimated 400 acres of planted vineyards. The surrounding deep waters create a prolonged growing season that prevents spring frost, while the well-drained glacial soils perfectly yield crisp, high-acid styles of Marquette, Frontenac, La Crescent, St. Pepin, and Riesling.

Wyoming

Because of the state's extreme weather, mountainous geography, and tiny commercial output, the local wine industry remains the smallest in the country. All bottles produced here use the general "Wyoming" state appellation on their wine labels.